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威胁组织WhiteCobra通过在Visual Studio应用商店和Open VSX注册表中植入24款恶意扩展程序，针对VSCode、Cursor和Windsurf代码编辑器用户发起攻击。
目前该攻击活动仍在持续——每当平台移除恶意扩展，攻击者就会立即上传新的恶意代码取而代之。
以太坊核心开发者Zak Cole在公开帖子中表示，他在使用一款看似合法的Cursor编辑器扩展程序（contractshark.solidity-lang）后，加密货币钱包遭到清空。 Cole指出，这款扩展程序具备所有“正常产品”的特征：专业设计的图标、详细的功能说明，且在Cursor官方注册表OpenVSX上的下载量达5.4万次。
终端安全服务商Koi的研究人员称，WhiteCobra正是今年7月通过伪造Cursor编辑器扩展程序窃取50万美元加密货币的同一组织。
WhiteCobra攻击详情
VSCode、Cursor和Windsurf均为支持VSIX格式扩展程序的代码编辑器——VSIX是VS Code应用商店和Open VSX平台上扩展程序的默认打包格式。
这种跨平台兼容性，加之上述平台对扩展程序提交缺乏严格的审核机制，使其成为攻击者理想的攻击载体，能够实现大范围影响。
据Koi安全团队分析，WhiteCobra打造的恶意VSIX扩展程序伪装性极强：不仅精心撰写功能描述，还伪造了高额下载量，以此骗取用户信任。
该团队发现，以下扩展程序属于WhiteCobra最新攻击活动的一部分：
Open-VSX平台（适用于Cursor/Windsurf）
1.ChainDevTools.solidity-pro
2.kilocode-ai.kilo-code
3.nomic-fdn.hardhat-solidity
4.oxc-vscode.oxc
5.juan-blanco.solidity
6.kineticsquid.solidity-ethereum-vsc
7.ETHFoundry.solidityethereum
8.JuanFBlanco.solidity-ai-ethereum
9.Ethereum.solidity-ethereum
10.juan-blanco.solidity
11.NomicFdn.hardhat-solidity
12.juan-blanco.vscode-solidity
13.nomic-foundation.hardhat-solidity
14.nomic-fdn.solidity-hardhat
15.Crypto-Extensions.solidity
16.Crypto-Extensions.SnowShsoNo
VS Code应用商店
1.JuanFBlanco.awswhh
2.ETHFoundry.etherfoundrys
3.EllisonBrett.givingblankies
4.MarcusLockwood.wgbk
5.VitalikButerin-EthFoundation.blan-co
6.ShowSnowcrypto.SnowShoNo
7.Crypto-Extensions.SnowShsoNo
8.Rojo.rojo-roblox-vscode
冒充合法项目进行钓鱼下载
恶意代码执行流程与危害
研究人员表示，钱包被盗的攻击流程始于恶意扩展程序的主文件（extension.js）——该文件“与VSCode扩展模板自带的‘Hello World’基础代码几乎完全一致”，极具迷惑性。
但其中隐藏着一段简单的调用代码，会将执行权转移至次级脚本（prompt.js），随后从Cloudflare Pages下载下一阶段的恶意载荷。该载荷具备平台针对性，分别提供适用于Windows、ARM架构macOS和Intel架构macOS的版本：
Windows系统：通过PowerShell脚本执行Python脚本，再由Python脚本运行外壳代码（shellcode），最终植入LummaStealer恶意软件。
LummaStealer是一款信息窃取工具，专门针对加密货币钱包应用、浏览器扩展程序、浏览器中存储的凭据及即时通讯软件数据发起窃取。
macOS系统：恶意载荷为Mach-O格式的恶意二进制文件，本地执行后会加载一个未知家族的恶意软件。
威胁组织运作模式与安全建议
从WhiteCobra的内部操作手册可见，该犯罪组织会设定1万至50万美元的营收目标，提供命令与控制（C2）基础设施搭建指南，并详细规划社会工程学攻击与推广策略。
泄露的WhiteCobra行动手册
这表明该组织运作高度有组织化，且不会因攻击曝光或扩展被下架而退缩。Koi安全团队指出，WhiteCobra仅需不到3小时就能部署新一轮攻击活动。
研究人员表示，当前扩展程序仓库亟需更完善的验证机制，以区分恶意扩展与合法扩展——因为评分、下载量和评论均可能被篡改，用于骗取用户信任。
针对代码编辑器扩展程序的下载，研究人员给出以下建议：
1. 仔细核查是否存在仿冒知名开发者或如相似名称混淆视听的情况；
2. 优先选择知名度高、信任记录良好的项目；
3. 对短期内突然获得大量下载量和正面评价的新项目保持警惕。